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ACL injuries in the Australian Football League
In the Australian Football League (AFL) injuries are now very common and consistent due to the game been a contact sport. The Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) knee injury is one of the three major and common injuries that occur in the AFL.〔Verrall, G. M., Esterman, A., & Hewett, T. E. (2014). Analysis of the three most prevalent injuries in Australian football demonstrates a season to season association between Groin/Hip/Osteitis pubis injuries with ACL knee injuries. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(3), e23072. doi:10.5812/asjsm.23072〕 The ACL injury has long-term effects on the player, not only in physical activity but also in their own daily lives in the future. Studies have attempted to understand and work out a prevention for ACL injuries but it is too complicated.〔Hong, Y. (2012). ACL injury: Incidences, healing, rehabilitation, and prevention: Part of the routledge olympic special issue collection. Research in Sports Medicine, 20(3), 155. doi:10.1080/15438627.2012.682526〕 Once a player has injured their ACL, there is a very high possibility that the injury can occur again to the same knee. There is even the chance of the opposite knee been injured due to the fact the player protecting the reconstructed knee.〔Hrysomallis, C. (2013). Injury incidence, risk factors and prevention in Australian rules football. Sports Medicine, 43(5), 339-354. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0034-0〕
== Structure of the Knee and the ACL ==
An ACL rupture is the most common injury that takes place in the knee. The ACL is very small, smaller than some might think; the average length is 38mm and only 11mm wide. The knee is formed by the connection of the femur (upper leg bone) and the Tibia (lower leg bone) with another two bones been the fibula (small bone next to the tibia) and the patella (the knee cap). Within these two main bones tendons attach the bones to the muscles that give the knee movement, while the ligaments provide the knee with stability. The ACL looks like a mixture of an oval and triangle shape, and is located in a very compact area within the knee. The ACL fibers are in place to give direction for the knee to move, such as a kicking or twisting motion. If an ACL rupture occurs, it immediately forces an increase for not only the anterior tibial translation but also the internal tibial rotation as the femur is pushed back to rotate, this creates trauma to the knee as it is not stabilised. The ACL is there to create rotational stability within the knee to be able to produce different motions. Importantly the ACL restraints the anterior tibial translation, providing 85-87% total retraining force.〔Noyes, F. R., & Barber-Westin, S. (2012). ACL injuries in the female athlete: Causes, impacts, and conditioning programs (1. Aufl.; 1 ed.). Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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